A field study was undertaken in an attempt to develop a set of. However, in some instances, a vacuum or slug test conducted with a pressure transducer or an electronic data logger may be. Slug tests usually are singlewell tests that give estimates of hydraulic conductivity near the bore or screen of the test well. In the present study, the methods of hvorslev 1951, cooper, et al. Simple models can be used for data analysis when the response is overdamped e. The use of slug tests to determine hydraulic parameters of aquifer material is well documented in the literature. Slug tests are used to determine in situ aquifer hydraulic conductivity more quickly and economically than by a pump test. Request pdf a simple approach using bouwer and rices method for slug test data analysis slug test data obtained from tests performed. Hvorslev, bouwer rice and kgs, to obtain a permeability characterization of the area and identify the real differences between the considered solutions. The bouwer and rice slug test an update, groundwater. Slug tests generally are conducted in formations that exhibit low k. Bouwer and rice 1976 used an electric analog model for different values of r, l, l and d to determine the value of r. A slug test method for determining hydraulic conductivity of unconfined aquifers with completely or partially penetrating wells, water.
This study examines how to best conduct a slug test using a physical slug. Notice the significant improvement of the new solution for fitting the late slug test data which were affected by unsaturated. Bouwer rice slugtest calculator calculate hydraulic conductivity from slugtest data using bouwer and rice method step1 graph slugtest data log head vs. Comparing slug test methods for unconfined aquifers by. This paper derives three fourthdegree polynomials to represent the relationship between bouwer and rice s coefficients and the ratio of the screen length to the radius of the gravel envelope. This exercise is based on the slug test data published in fetter, applied hydrogeology, 3rd edition, 1994, p. A slug test for determining hydraulic conductivity of unconfined aquifers. Quarterly journal of engineering geology 22, 151158.
This study compares slug test methods for unconfined aquifers, looking at how to conduct a test using a physical slug, and at different analysis methods including bouwer and rice 1976, kansas geological survey kgs 1994, hvorslev 1951 and dagan 1978. Instantaneously adding or removing a slug of water in a well and monitoring water level recovery head vs. The bouwerrice 1976 slug test is designed to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of an aquifer. Kgsofr 200040simple procedures for analysis of slug tests. An evaluation of the bouwer and rice method of slug test analysis, water resources research, vol. A slug test method for determining hydraulic conductivity of unconfined aquifers with completely or. The wells can be partialv penetrating and partially screened, perforated, or other. Analyzing slug tests in wells screened across the watertable. Baildown tests are analyzed by slug test methods modified for two fluids, and it is. The two procedures described here for the analysis of slug tests in formations of high hydraulic conductivity implement straightforward extensions of models previously proposed for tests in lesspermeable formations bouwer and rice, 1976. Bouwer rice developed an equation for hydraulic conductivity as follows. Slug tests are a very common technique to evaluate aquifer hydraulic parameters.
With the slug test the hydraulic conductivity or transmissibility. A revised solution by black on the basis of the equation by bouwer and rice 14 was employed. The method is based on the thiem 1906 analytical solution and was originally designed. Slug tests for determining hydraulic conductivity of natural.
Different common slug test analysis methods are compared, including bouwer and rice. Metric example estimates aquifer hydraulic conductivity of near the well screen using the bouwer and rice 1976 method. The wells can be partially penetrating and partially screened, perforated, or otherwise open. This is consistent with comparison of results between these slug test analysis methods reported in butler 1998. Both methods assume steadystate radial flow to the well with discharge rate dependent on the well drawdown and insignificant storage effects. Slug tests in the presence of background head trends by david w. Slug test data obtained from tests performed in an unconfined aquifer are commonly analyzed by graphical or numerical approaches to determine the aquifer parameters. The bouwerrice slug test is designed to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of an aquifer. Pdf refinement of bouwerrice baildown test analysis.
View options and check boxes for choose normalized head and recommended head range butler 1998. Pdf a slug test for determining hydraulic conductivity of unconfined. Pdf analysis of slug tests in formations of high hydraulic. Pdf a simple approach using bouwer and rices method for. Based on steady state flow assumptions, this method is specifically intended to be applicable to unconfined aquifers. Two empirical equations relating inr r in equation i to the geometry of aquifer system are 1. The field guide for slug testing and data analysis by the midwest geosciences group is concise yet technically thorough with just the right amount of detail necessary to guide a user through the critical factors such as well development that affect slug testing results. The slug test is the most widely used technique for the in situ estimation of hydraulic conductivityin confined and unconfined formations. The bouwer and rice slug test an updatea bouwer 1989. Currently, there are no generally accepted methods in thegroundwater literature for the analysis of response data from slug tests performed in wells screenedacross the watertable. The extension, which features a convolution integral. Modern slug testing is considerably more rigorous than the typical onesizefitsall bouwer and rice slug tests of old. The depth to product dtp and depth to water dtw should be measured over a period equal to the expected test duration. Aquifer testing reference list aquifer testing 101.
Slugtest results from a well completed in fractured. Estimation of hydraulic conductivity using the slug test. Slug test characterization results for multitestdepth intervals. Jun 03, 2015 slug test methods are used to determine in situ aquifer hydraulic conductivity k more quickly and economically than a pump test can. Degroot2 abstract we extend bouwer and rice 1976 slug test theory to incorporate background head trends that may be. Aug 22, 2012 methods for estimating lnapl transmissivity from baildown test data have been modified from the bouwer and rice 1976 slug test method by lundy and zimmerman 1996 and huntley 2000. Bouwer and rice method 1976, 1989 for unconfined formations and the hvorslev. Bouwer and rice suggested using a graphical curvefitting approach to determine the value of k from the slug test data. The straightline portion of the response is selected by the user on the basis of a graphic display of the test data. A few studies have monitored the water level in observation wells during slug tests in porous media belitz and dripps, 1999. The bouwer and rice analysis method provided aquiferformation estimates of hydraulic conductivity that are 10% lower i. Slug tests shall be conducted on relatively undisturbed wells.
Slug tests in formations of high hydraulic conductivity k are often affected by mechanisms that are ignored in models developed for tests in less permeable formations e. An evaluation of the bouwer and rice method of slug test. Certain data should be gathered before performance of the baildown test, in order to establish and verify initial conditions. Two slug tests were also analyzed using a threedimensional finite difference. Analysis of the baildown test data by adapting the bouwer rice method for slug tests to lnapl has been developed in two publications lundy and zimmerman 1996. At least one week should elapse between the drilling of a well and the performance of a slug test. Different common slug test analysis methods are compared, including bouwer and rice 1976, hvorslev 1951, dagan. Discussion of the bouwer and rice slug test an update. The bouwer and rice slug test was developed to measure aquifer hydraulic conductivity around boreholes. Slug tests for determining hydraulic conductivity of. This is in contrast to the usual overestimation of k that the classical theory underlying these slug test methods which omits the. If a test is conducted on a well that has recently been pumped for water sampling purposes, the measured water level must be within 0. Bouwer and rice parameters a, b, and c are automatically estimated for each test, based on a fifthorder polynomial regression to the curves presented in the original paper.
Slug tests are a method of determining the hydraulic conductivity or. California state university, sacramento sacramento state. A slug test for determining hydraulic conductivity of unconfined aquifers with completely or partially penetrating wells. Rice, 1976, a slug test for determining hydraulic conductivity of unconfined aquifers with completely or partially penetrating wells, water resources research, v. Both methods assume steadystate radial flow to the well with discharge rate dependent on. Methods note slug tests in the presence of background head trends by david w.
Bouwer and rice slugtest on june 15, 1999, the bouwer and rice slugtest was conducted on mw6 to determine an estimate of hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer using the solinst pressure transducer. The bouwer and rice slug test an update, ground water, vol. R radius measured from centre of well to undisturbed. This is in contrast to the usual overestimation of k that the classical theory underlying these slug test methods which omits the effects of the aquifers storativity, and which may, so. The bouwer and rice slug test an updatea by herman bouwer abstract the bouwer and rice slug test was developed to measure aquifer hvdraulic conductivitv around boreholes production, monitoring, or test wells. A slug test for determining hydraulic conductivity of unconfined aquifers with completely or partially. A slug test for determining hydraulic conductivity of. The solution is appropriate for the conditions shown in the following figure.
Bp5 remedial investigation slugtest characterization. One well field test for determining hydraulic conductivity k entails. Slugtest results obtained from single and multiple, stresslevel slug tests. The test was developed for unconfined aquifers and can be performed on open boreholes or screened wells fetter, 1994, pg. Bouwer and rice 1976 solution for slug tests in unconfined. The slug test is simpler and quicker than the theis pumping test because observation wells and pumping the well are not. Spatial variation in hydraulic conductivity determined by slug tests. Slug tests in the presence of background head trends.
Degroot2 abstract we extend bouwer and rice 1976 slug test theory to incorporate background head trends that may be important in incompressible material of low permeability k. The experimental data, obtained by 59 slug tests, were processed with three different methods of analysis. Pdf the bouwer and rice slug test an updatea semantic. Technical guidance manual for ground water investigations. A simple approach using bouwer and rices method for slug test. A mathematical solution by bouwer and rice 1976 is useful for determining hydraulic conductivity k of an unconfined aquifer from an overdamped slug test. With the slug test the hydraulic conductivity or trans missibilitv of an aquifer is determined from the rate of rise of the water level in a well after a certain volume or slug. The method of bouwer and rice 1976 for analyzing slug test data is widely used to estimate hydraulic conductivity k. For sandy materials, tests were repeated on each well using several different slug sizes, ranging from 0. Bouwer 1989 provided information on using bouwer and rice s method for testing the validity of falling level tests, the application of the method to confined aquifers, the effect of well.
A simple approach using bouwer and rices method for slug. Describes how to use the slug test data sheet with some suggestions about conducting slug tests. Bouwer and rice analysis of slug test, wrr 1976 input is consistent. A comparative analysis of two slug test methods in puget lowland. A semianalytical solution for slug tests in an unconfined. The bouwer and rice slug test was developed to measure aquifer hydraulic conductivity around boreholes production, monitoring, or test wells.
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